by Karen D Corbin, Elvis A Carnero, Blake Dirks, Daria Igudesman, Fanchao Yi, Andrew Marcus, Taylor L Davis, Richard E Pratley, Bruce E Rittmann, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and Steven R Smith
Abstract:
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 $\pm$ 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 $\pm$ 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 $\pm$ 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.
Reference:
Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial (Karen D Corbin, Elvis A Carnero, Blake Dirks, Daria Igudesman, Fanchao Yi, Andrew Marcus, Taylor L Davis, Richard E Pratley, Bruce E Rittmann, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and Steven R Smith), In Nat Commun, volume 14, 2023.
Bibtex Entry:
@article{Corbin:2023aa,
abstract = {The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 $\pm$ 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 $\pm$ 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 $\pm$ 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.},
author = {Corbin, Karen D and Carnero, Elvis A and Dirks, Blake and Igudesman, Daria and Yi, Fanchao and Marcus, Andrew and Davis, Taylor L and Pratley, Richard E and Rittmann, Bruce E and Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa and Smith, Steven R},
date-added = {2023-06-15 19:42:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2023-06-15 19:43:33 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-38778-x},
journal = {Nat Commun},
journal-full = {Nature communications},
keywords = {Gut, Calories, Diet},
mesh = {Male; Female; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Feces; Diet, Western; Energy Metabolism},
month = {May},
number = {1},
pages = {3161},
pmc = {PMC10232526},
pmid = {37258525},
pst = {epublish},
title = {Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial},
volume = {14},
year = {2023},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38778-x}}