by Donald K Layman, Ellen M Evans, Donna Erickson, Jennifer Seyler, Judy Weber, Deborah Bagshaw, Amy Griel, Tricia Psota and Penny Kris-Etherton
Abstract:
Diets with increased protein and reduced carbohydrates (PRO) are effective for weight loss, but the long-term effect on maintenance is unknown. This study compared changes in body weight and composition and blood lipids after short-term weight loss (4 mo) followed by weight maintenance (8 mo) using moderate PRO or conventional high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets. Participants (age = 45.4 +/- 1.2 y; BMI = 32.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); n = 130) were randomized to 2 energy-restricted diets (-500 kcal/d or -2093 kJ/d): PRO with 1.6 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) protein and <170 g/d carbohydrates or CHO with 0.8 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) protein, >220 g/d carbohydrates. At 4 mo, the PRO group had lost 22% more fat mass (FM) (-5.6 +/- 0.4 kg) than the CHO group (-4.6 +/- 0.3 kg) but weight loss did not differ between groups (-8.2 +/- 0.5 kg vs. -7.0 +/- 0.5 kg; P = 0.10). At 12 mo, the PRO group had more participants complete the study (64 vs. 45%, P < 0.05) with greater improvement in body composition; however, weight loss did not differ between groups (-10.4 +/- 1.2 kg vs. -8.4 +/- 0.9 kg; P = 0.18). Using a compliance criterion of participants attaining >10% weight loss, the PRO group had more participants (31 vs. 21%) lose more weight (-16.5 +/- 1.5 vs. -12.3 +/- 0.9 kg; P < 0.01) and FM (-11.7 +/- 1.0 vs. -7.9 +/- 0.7 kg; P < 0.01) than the CHO group. The CHO diet reduced serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol compared with PRO (P < 0.01) at 4 mo, but the effect did not remain at 12 mo. PRO had sustained favorable effects on serum triacylglycerol (TAG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and TAG:HDL-C compared with CHO at 4 and 12 mo (P < 0.01). The PRO diet was more effective for FM loss and body composition improvement during initial weight loss and long-term maintenance and produced sustained reductions in TAG and increases in HDL-C compared with the CHO diet.
Reference:
A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults (Donald K Layman, Ellen M Evans, Donna Erickson, Jennifer Seyler, Judy Weber, Deborah Bagshaw, Amy Griel, Tricia Psota and Penny Kris-Etherton), In J Nutr, volume 139, 2009.
Bibtex Entry:
@article{Layman:2009ab,
abstract = {Diets with increased protein and reduced carbohydrates (PRO) are effective for weight loss, but the long-term effect on maintenance is unknown. This study compared changes in body weight and composition and blood lipids after short-term weight loss (4 mo) followed by weight maintenance (8 mo) using moderate PRO or conventional high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets. Participants (age = 45.4 +/- 1.2 y; BMI = 32.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); n = 130) were randomized to 2 energy-restricted diets (-500 kcal/d or -2093 kJ/d): PRO with 1.6 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) protein and <170 g/d carbohydrates or CHO with 0.8 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) protein, >220 g/d carbohydrates. At 4 mo, the PRO group had lost 22% more fat mass (FM) (-5.6 +/- 0.4 kg) than the CHO group (-4.6 +/- 0.3 kg) but weight loss did not differ between groups (-8.2 +/- 0.5 kg vs. -7.0 +/- 0.5 kg; P = 0.10). At 12 mo, the PRO group had more participants complete the study (64 vs. 45%, P < 0.05) with greater improvement in body composition; however, weight loss did not differ between groups (-10.4 +/- 1.2 kg vs. -8.4 +/- 0.9 kg; P = 0.18). Using a compliance criterion of participants attaining >10% weight loss, the PRO group had more participants (31 vs. 21%) lose more weight (-16.5 +/- 1.5 vs. -12.3 +/- 0.9 kg; P < 0.01) and FM (-11.7 +/- 1.0 vs. -7.9 +/- 0.7 kg; P < 0.01) than the CHO group. The CHO diet reduced serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol compared with PRO (P < 0.01) at 4 mo, but the effect did not remain at 12 mo. PRO had sustained favorable effects on serum triacylglycerol (TAG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and TAG:HDL-C compared with CHO at 4 and 12 mo (P < 0.01). The PRO diet was more effective for FM loss and body composition improvement during initial weight loss and long-term maintenance and produced sustained reductions in TAG and increases in HDL-C compared with the CHO diet.},
author = {Layman, Donald K and Evans, Ellen M and Erickson, Donna and Seyler, Jennifer and Weber, Judy and Bagshaw, Deborah and Griel, Amy and Psota, Tricia and Kris-Etherton, Penny},
date-added = {2023-07-23 20:37:13 +0100},
date-modified = {2023-07-23 20:37:13 +0100},
doi = {10.3945/jn.108.099440},
journal = {J Nutr},
journal-full = {The Journal of nutrition},
keywords = {Protein Synthesis},
mesh = {Adult; Body Composition; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Patient Compliance; Time Factors; Weight Loss},
month = {Mar},
number = {3},
pages = {514-21},
pmid = {19158228},
pst = {ppublish},
title = {A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults},
volume = {139},
year = {2009},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.099440}}