by Yujie Zhao, Junyi Zhan, Yongsen Wang and Dongli Wang
Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diets containing red or processed meat are associated with a growing risk of digestive system cancers. Whether a plant-based diet is protective against cancer needs a high level of statistical evidence. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of five English databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases, and Scopus, on October 24, 2021 to identify published papers. Cohort studies or case-control studies that reported a relationship between plant-based diets and cancers of the digestive system were included. Summary effect-size estimates are expressed as Risk ratios (RRs) or Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and were evaluated using random-effect models. The inconsistency index (I(2)) and τ(2) (Tau(2)) index were used to quantify the magnitude of heterogeneity derived from the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel model. RESULTS: The same results were found in cohort (adjusted RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.86, P < 0.001, I(2) = 46.4%, Tau(2) = 0.017) and case-control (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64-0.77, P < 0.001, I(2) = 83.8%, Tau(2) = 0.160) studies. The overall analysis concluded that plant-based diets played a protective role in the risk of digestive system neoplasms. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the plant-based diets reduced the risk of cancers, especially pancreatic (adjusted RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86, P < 0.001, I(2) = 55.1%, Tau(2) = 0.028), colorectal (adjusted RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69-0.83, P < 0.001, I(2) = 53.4%, Tau(2) = 0.023), rectal (adjusted RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.91, P < 0.001, I(2) = 1.6%, Tau(2) = 0.005) and colon (adjusted RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95, P < 0.001, I(2) = 0.0%, Tau(2) = 0.000) cancers, in cohort studies. The correlation between vegan and other plant-based diets was compared using Z-tests, and the results showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Plant-based diets were protective against cancers of the digestive system, with no significant differences between different types of cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022322276, Identifier: CRD42022322276.
Reference:
The Relationship Between Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on 3,059,009 Subjects. (Yujie Zhao, Junyi Zhan, Yongsen Wang and Dongli Wang), In Front Public Health, volume 10, 2022.
Bibtex Entry:
@article{Zhao:2022aa,
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diets containing red or processed meat are associated with a growing risk of digestive system cancers. Whether a plant-based diet is protective against cancer needs a high level of statistical evidence. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of five English databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases, and Scopus, on October 24, 2021 to identify published papers. Cohort studies or case-control studies that reported a relationship between plant-based diets and cancers of the digestive system were included. Summary effect-size estimates are expressed as Risk ratios (RRs) or Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and were evaluated using random-effect models. The inconsistency index (I(2)) and τ(2) (Tau(2)) index were used to quantify the magnitude of heterogeneity derived from the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel model. RESULTS: The same results were found in cohort (adjusted RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.86, P < 0.001, I(2) = 46.4%, Tau(2) = 0.017) and case-control (adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64-0.77, P < 0.001, I(2) = 83.8%, Tau(2) = 0.160) studies. The overall analysis concluded that plant-based diets played a protective role in the risk of digestive system neoplasms. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the plant-based diets reduced the risk of cancers, especially pancreatic (adjusted RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86, P < 0.001, I(2) = 55.1%, Tau(2) = 0.028), colorectal (adjusted RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69-0.83, P < 0.001, I(2) = 53.4%, Tau(2) = 0.023), rectal (adjusted RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.91, P < 0.001, I(2) = 1.6%, Tau(2) = 0.005) and colon (adjusted RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95, P < 0.001, I(2) = 0.0%, Tau(2) = 0.000) cancers, in cohort studies. The correlation between vegan and other plant-based diets was compared using Z-tests, and the results showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Plant-based diets were protective against cancers of the digestive system, with no significant differences between different types of cancer. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022322276, Identifier: CRD42022322276.},
address = {Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.; Graduate School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.},
author = {Zhao, Yujie and Zhan, Junyi and Wang, Yongsen and Wang, Dongli},
cois = {The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.},
copyright = {Copyright {\copyright}2022 Zhao, Zhan, Wang and Wang.},
crdt = {2022/06/20 03:31},
date = {2022},
date-added = {2023-02-16 20:34:30 +0000},
date-modified = {2023-02-16 20:34:59 +0000},
dcom = {20220621},
dep = {20220603},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.892153},
edat = {2022/06/21 06:00},
issn = {2296-2565 (Electronic); 2296-2565 (Linking)},
jid = {101616579},
journal = {Front Public Health},
jt = {Frontiers in public health},
keywords = {Plant-Based},
language = {eng},
lid = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.892153 {$[$}doi{$]$}; 892153},
lr = {20220808},
mh = {Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; *Diet; Diet, Vegetarian; *Digestive System Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology; Humans},
mhda = {2022/06/22 06:00},
oto = {NOTNLM},
own = {NLM},
pages = {892153},
phst = {2022/03/08 00:00 {$[$}received{$]$}; 2022/05/09 00:00 {$[$}accepted{$]$}; 2022/06/20 03:31 {$[$}entrez{$]$}; 2022/06/21 06:00 {$[$}pubmed{$]$}; 2022/06/22 06:00 {$[$}medline{$]$}},
pl = {Switzerland},
pmc = {PMC9204183},
pmid = {35719615},
pst = {epublish},
pt = {Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review},
sb = {IM},
status = {MEDLINE},
title = {The Relationship Between Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on 3,059,009 Subjects.},
volume = {10},
year = {2022},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.892153}}