@article{qi_associations_2020,
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationships between dietary protein intake and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality are still unclear. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies to summarize the evidence.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant studies through February 2020. The associations of total, animal, and plant proteins with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality were evaluated. Study-specific relative risks (RR) were pooled using the fixed effect model when no significant heterogeneity was detected; otherwise the random effect model was employed. Twelve cohort studies were eligible for the study. Increased total protein showed no clear association with risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. In the stratified analysis by protein sources, higher plant protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (highest vs lowest intake: RR = 0.92; 95\% CI: 0.88, 0.96; each 3\% increment of intake: RR = 0.97; 95\% CI: 0.94, 0.99), and may be associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality (highest vs lowest intake: RR = 0.90; 95\% CI: 0.80, 1.01; each 3\% increment of intake: RR = 0.95; 95\% CI: 0.91, 0.99). Moreover, higher intake of animal protein may be associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality (highest vs lowest intake: RR = 1.11; 95\% CI: 1.01, 1.22; each 3\% increment of intake: RR = 1.02; 95\% CI: 0.98, 1.06).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that higher plant protein intake is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Persons should be encouraged to increase their plant protein intake to potentially decrease their risk of death.},
	author = {Qi, Xiang-Xiu and Shen, Peng},
	date-modified = {2023-01-07 19:00:43 +0000},
	doi = {10.1016/j.numecd.2020.03.008},
	issn = {1590-3729},
	journal = {Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases: NMCD},
	keywords = {CVD},
	language = {eng},
	month = jun,
	number = {7},
	pages = {1094--1105},
	pmid = {32451273},
	shorttitle = {Associations of dietary protein intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality},
	title = {Associations of dietary protein intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality: {A} systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.03.008}}